Large Animal Toxins:

• Lead (Old batteries, crankshaft oil, grease)

Symptoms:  Blindness, staggering, bellowing, bloat, diarrhea

• Urea (Fertilizer, Open lick tanks)

Symptoms:  Muscle tremors, wildly aberrant behavior (agitated, violent),     bloat, inability to breathe, salivation, death within hours

• Insecticides (organophosphates, arsenicals, metaldehydes)

Symptom:  Colic, diarrhea, muscle tremors, ‘sawhorse stance’, salivation, death from respiratory failure

Toxic Plants:

• Brackenfern
• Symptoms:  Bleeding from body orifices (eyes, nose, insect bites), fever.  Usually fatal within 1-3 days

• Wilted cherry
• Symptoms:  Usually found dead, respiratory distress, bright red mucous membranes.  Survival over 2-3 hours usually recover

• Jimsonweed
• Symptoms:  Trembling, aggressive behavior, convulsions

• Milkweed
• Symptoms:  Tremors, ataxia, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, collapse, death

• Oak buds, acorns
• Symptoms:  Occur only after 75% of kidney cells non-functional.  Weight loss, diarrhea, inappetance, death

• Poison hemlock
• Symptoms:  Trembling, weak, slow heart rate, cold extremities, ataxis, coma and death

• Water hemlock
• Symptoms:  Violent grand mal seizures, rapid pulse, respiratory rate, salivation, dilated pupils, coma, death often within 1-2 hours

• Rhododendron/Mountain Laurel
• Symptoms:  Colic, bloat, diarrhea, mechanical obstruction, often death if untreated

• White Snakeroot
• Symptoms:  Ataxia, inappetance, weak, fast heart rate

• Japanese Yew
• Symptoms:  Death….usually found dead in pasture.   Very small amount is deadly

• Pigweed
• Symptoms:  symptoms similar to acorn toxicity.  Diarrhea, down cows, bloat, weight loss

• Sweet Vernalgrass
• Symptoms:  Very similar to a rat poison, weak, ataxic, pale mucous membranes, respiratory distress (internal bleeding), death if stressed

• Blue-Green Algae
• Symptoms:  Acute death within minutes.  Colic, bloody diarrhea, tremors, vomit, seizures, death.  “Bloom”  occurs in late summer during periods of extended heat.  Usually see fish kill first.